In addition to the common indications for any amputation (e.g., infection, arteriosclerosis with gangrene, etc.), specific indications for toe amputations exist as well.  For example, the fifth toe (the most commonly amputated toe) is usually removed for being overriding on the fourth toe.  This toe can be amputated with impunity and this is usually preferred over reconstructive procedures because it is easy and definitive.  Complications of toe amputations with regards to gait are minimal.   For example, any single toe can be removed with little gait or stance disturbance.   This is true for amputation of the great toe during standing or walking at a normal pace. However, if the patient walks rapidly a limp appears from the loss of the normal push-off provided by the great toe.  With amputations of all toes, the patients gait is likewise normal with slow, but impaired with rapid locomotion.  Additional complications specific to the toes include a severe hallux valgus deformity seen in amputations of the second (see below).

The above images show both the pre-operative and post-operative left foot of the same patient.  The pre-op film demonstrate osteomyelitis of the distal first phalanx that was treated with a great toe amputation.